{
 "no": 75,
 "id": "case-75",
 "sk": 20081130,
 "year": 2008,
 "date": "26 to 29 Nov 2008",
 "cat": "National security",
 "sev": "amber",
 "title": "26/11. A city under siege, and the one minister who went",
 "stamp": "Home Minister resigned. Warnings still unexplained.",
 "human": {
  "v": "<b>166</b> people killed and over 300 injured across four days in Mumbai",
  "est": false
 },
 "cost": {
  "v": "Specific intelligence warnings of a seaborne attack that were not acted on",
  "est": true
 },
 "what": "Ten armed men arrived in Mumbai by sea on 26 November 2008 and attacked a railway terminus, two hotels, a hospital and a Jewish centre over four days, killing 166 people. Intelligence warnings of a seaborne attack on those targets had been passed and not acted on.",
 "dodge": "Union Home Minister Shivraj Patil resigned on 30 November taking moral responsibility, the rarest outcome on this ledger. But the machinery failure beneath him was never publicly accounted for: no officer was named, the intelligence inputs were never published, and the state's own inquiry report was not tabled in full. A resignation happened; an explanation did not.",
 "ministers": [
  {
   "n": "Shivraj Patil",
   "r": "Union Home Minister; resigned 30 Nov 2008 taking moral responsibility"
  },
  {
   "n": "Union Home Ministry",
   "r": "Coastal security and intelligence coordination"
  }
 ],
 "pos": "The government pointed to the resignation, the creation of the NIA and a coastal security overhaul as its response, and to the conviction and execution of the surviving attacker.",
 "alleg": "That the warnings were specific enough to have prevented the attack is <em>contested</em>; what is not contested is that warnings existed and that no official was held responsible for what happened to them.",
 "alt": "The inquiry report published, and the officials who sat on the warnings named, rather than one minister absorbing the whole failure and the system carrying on.",
 "estimates": {
  "deaths": 166
 },
 "resignations": [
  {
   "n": "Shivraj Patil",
   "office": "Union Home Minister",
   "when": "Nov 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "level": "union",
   "party": "Indian National Congress"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "label": "VOA: India's Home Minister resigns after Mumbai",
   "url": "https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-11-30-voa4/401396.html",
   "tier": 2
  },
  {
   "label": "Al Jazeera: ex-minister discusses the Mumbai attack",
   "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2009/11/25/ex-minister-discusses-mumbai-attack",
   "tier": 2
  }
 ],
 "caseUrl": "https://whoisresponsible.xyz/case/case-75/"
}