{
 "no": 73,
 "id": "case-73",
 "sk": 20051108,
 "year": 2005,
 "date": "Volcker report, Nov 2005",
 "cat": "Democratic institutions",
 "sev": "amber",
 "title": "Oil-for-food. A foreign minister named, and gone in a month",
 "stamp": "Resigned. Never charged.",
 "human": {
  "v": "India's name in a UN inquiry into who profited from sanctions on Iraq",
  "est": false
 },
 "cost": {
  "v": "Allocations of Iraqi oil listed against the foreign minister and his party as non-contractual beneficiaries",
  "est": true
 },
 "what": "Paul Volcker's independent inquiry into the UN oil-for-food programme listed External Affairs Minister K. Natwar Singh and the Congress party as non-contractual beneficiaries of Iraqi oil allocations. He was dropped from the external affairs portfolio in November 2005 and left the government entirely a month later.",
 "dodge": "A domestic inquiry authority was set up and ran for years without producing a prosecution. Natwar Singh was never charged, and no finding was ever published that settled whether the allocations were real or what became of them. The resignation stood in for an answer.",
 "ministers": [
  {
   "n": "K. Natwar Singh",
   "r": "External Affairs Minister; resigned Nov 2005, never charged"
  }
 ],
 "pos": "Natwar Singh denied receiving any benefit, said his name had been used without his knowledge, and later alleged he had been made to carry the party's exposure.",
 "alleg": "The Volcker listing is <em>an inquiry finding, not a criminal one</em>. No court ever tested it and no charge was brought.",
 "alt": "An inquiry that finished, published, and either charged someone or cleared them by name.",
 "resignations": [
  {
   "n": "K. Natwar Singh",
   "office": "Union External Affairs Minister",
   "when": "Nov 2005",
   "year": 2005,
   "level": "union",
   "party": "Indian National Congress"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "label": "VOA: India's foreign minister quits over oil-for-food",
   "url": "https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-11-07-voa17/310932.html",
   "tier": 2
  },
  {
   "label": "Al Jazeera: Indian minister quits over Iraq scandal",
   "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/12/6/indian-minister-quits-over-iraq-scandal",
   "tier": 2
  }
 ],
 "caseUrl": "https://whoisresponsible.xyz/case/case-73/"
}